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Top Korean Surnames Explained: Why Kim, Park, and Choi Dominate in Korea

Have you ever wondered why so many Koreans have the same last name? If you've traveled around South Korea or watched K-dramas and K-pop interviews, you've probably noticed that surnames like Kim, Park, and Choi pop up a lot. In fact, these three names are so widespread that you might even meet multiple people with the same full name!

This might seem confusing at first, especially if you're visiting Korea for the first time. But don’t worry—there’s a fascinating story behind it. Understanding why these surnames are so common can give you deeper insight into Korean culture, history, and even how people interact with one another today.


The Big Three: Kim, Park, and Choi

Let’s break down the most common Korean surnames.

Surname

Korean Spelling

Approximate % of Population

Meaning

Kim

About 21%

"Gold" or "metal"

Lee (Yi/Ri)

About 15%

"Plum tree" or "benefit"

Park

About 8.5%

"Gourd" or "simple/plain"

Choi

About 5%

"High" or "lofty"


Why Are These Korean Last Names So Common?

Here are the main reasons behind the popularity of Kim, Park, and Choi:

1. Historical Dynasties and Royal Families

Many of these surnames go back over a thousand years. The Kims, for example, were part of the royal family of the Silla Kingdom (57 BC–935 AD). As the ruling family, their name became a symbol of status and power.

In similar fashion, the Park family produced early kings of Silla, and the Choi surname is also linked to powerful clans and nobles. Over time, these names were passed down and adopted by loyal followers, extended families, and even commoners hoping to elevate their social status.

2. Clans and Lineages (Bon-gwan)

In Korea, surnames are not used alone—they're tied to clans known as bon-gwan, which indicate the ancestral hometown of a family line. For example:

  • Kim (Gimhae Kim vs. Gyeongju Kim)

  • Park (Miryang Park vs. Bannam Park)

  • Choi (Haeju Choi vs. Gyeongju Choi)

So even if two people are both named Kim, they may belong to completely different family trees. This system helps prevent confusion and also prevents intermarriage among people from the same clan, which was culturally taboo.

3. Adoption of Noble Names

During the Goryeo (918–1392) and Joseon (1392–1897) periods, many commoners were granted or adopted noble surnames like Kim, Park, or Choi, especially if they rose in social status, became civil servants, or were rewarded by the monarchy.

Sometimes entire villages or regions would be given the same surname as a form of tribute or allegiance to a local noble family. This is one reason why the same surnames became so widespread.

4. Census and Naming Policies

Under both Korean dynasties and later Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945), there were periods when the government encouraged (or forced) the registration of family names. Since only a limited number of surnames were considered prestigious or acceptable, many people ended up choosing the same ones—most often Kim, Park, or Choi.


So… How Do Koreans Tell Each Other Apart?

With so many people sharing the same surname, you might think it gets confusing. But there are several ways Koreans distinguish themselves:

📛 Full Names Matter

  • Korean names typically include one surname and a two-syllable given name.

  • For example: Kim Ji-won vs. Kim Seok-jin.

  • Even with the same surname, given names are unique and meaningful.

🏞️ Clan Origins

  • The bon-gwan or ancestral hometown may be known in formal records.

  • While it’s not often used in daily conversation, it's used in family trees, weddings, and legal documents.

👥 Social Titles and Roles

  • People are often addressed by their job title (e.g., "Teacher Park") or relationship title (e.g., "Uncle Kim").

  • This adds context and respect in communication.


Common Myths About Korean Surnames

Myth

Truth

All Kims are related.

Nope! There are dozens of different Kim clans.

Park and Pak are different names.

Actually, they’re the same in Korean—박—but spelled differently in English.

Surnames tell you everything about a person.

Not really. A surname only gives a hint about ancestry, not personality, job, or social status.


Why This Matters to Travelers

Knowing about Korean surnames helps you:

  • Better understand Korean culture and history.

  • Avoid awkward assumptions when meeting locals.

  • Appreciate the depth and meaning behind even a “simple” name.

Plus, if you ever make Korean friends, you’ll impress them with your knowledge of their country’s naming traditions!


Summary: Key Takeaways

  • Kim, Park, and Choi are deeply rooted in Korean royal and noble history.

  • Multiple clans exist under each surname, making them more diverse than they seem.

  • Surnames alone don’t define identity—given names, titles, and clan origins all matter.

Whether you’re traveling to South Korea for fun, studying the language, or diving into K-dramas, understanding Korean surnames can enrich your experience.


Save this guide for your next trip to Korea or share it with a friend who’s curious about Korean culture! If you’re planning to explore South Korea, we can also help with customized travel tips, itinerary planning, and more.

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